Le Corrbusier Essay - 275 Words

Charles-Edouard Jeanneret-Gris (Le Corrbusier) (Essay Sample) Content: LE CORBUSIERS ARCHITECTURENameCourse TitleInstitutional AffiliationsInstructorDate Born in Switzerland in the year 1887, Charles-Edouard Jeanneret-Gris better known as Le Corrbusier was an architect and a city planner. He was and still is recognized as the most effective and diligent architect of the 20th century. His books, buildings, and even his characteristics, effect to date our idea of modern architecture and modernism in general. Despite all the criticism encountered by his work, Le Corbusier still influences town planning as well as architecture to this day.His father, Edouard Jeanneret, was an artist who painted dials in their towns renowned watch industry, and his mother, Madame Jeannerct-Perrct, was a musician as well as a piano teacher. Having got education as an artist, Charles usually travelled a lot through the East and Germany. In year 1917, he moved to Paris and assumed the name Le Corbusier, and it is here where he began to develop most of his ideas regarding art. He began to study under Auguste Perret, and abruptly absorbed the artistic life and culture of the city. At this time, Le Corbusier got interested in the synthesis of different arts. Most of Le Corbusiers early works were related to nature, although his ideas started to mature and he developed the Maison-Domino. The Maison-Domino was one of the basic building and prototype for the mass production that has rigid floors and free-standing pillars. After settling in Paris, Le Corbusier together with a painter called Amde Ozenfant began formulating ideas of Purism, which was an aesthetic based on the simple and pure geometric forms of everyday objects.In his architecture, he worked with elemental geometric forms and chiefly built with steel together with reinforced concrete. Additionally, his paintings emphasized clear structures and forms, which corresponded to his architecture. His early works included theoretical plans for mass produced housing and skyscraper cities. Works from the 1920s, such as the Villa Savoye at Poissy in France, had raised structures on slender concrete pillars, long strip windows, open floor plan, and roof terrace. This established him as one of the major proponents of the International Style. Le Corbusier together with other architects worked with this style in order to establish clean Modernist lines. Although this was so, Le Corbusier became the first architect that come up with the studies using rough-cast concrete, a method that gave his work a notably sculptural and expressive quality.His later works included the lyrical chapel of Notre-Dame-du-Haut at Ronchamp and the Unit d'Habitation in France. During the Second World War, Le Corbusier created some identified theories on his modular building scale and utopian ideals. This enabled him to start developing architecture that was different from the norm. He outlined in Vers Une Architecture that his main ideas were about perfection and standards. He believed that the automobile machine features were as a result of the engineers goal combined with the industrial production exigencies.This created a set of standard elements whose refinement brought the car closer to perfection. With this thought in mind, he wanted to apply this idea to architecture. He felt that all people had similar needs and each house should be a machine for living. This led him into setting standards for contemporary architecture and searching for universal elements, which, when combined, create structures for the use of all people. Additionally, he sorts to explore more expressive alternatives that were often influenced by the local and "peasant" architecture. Instead of smooth perfect finishes, he started incorporating rough stone walls into buildings.In 1947, he began his Unite d'habitation. This building was relieved with highly colored walls and sculptural roof-lines. However, it received justifiable criticism from various individuals due to its massive post-war dwelling blocks. In addition, Le Corbusier's experimental housing blocks failed to multiply as they were truly expensive to construct and maintain. Like all walks of life, architecture goes through different fashions and styles trends with time. Le Corbusiers architectural styles also transformed through time due to various factors. It is evident that the post-war years signaled a new episode in British history. During this time, Europe had an exciting future and was headed towards a brighter a future. Additionally, technology began to move apace, and the welfare state started providing care to individuals from cradle-to-grave. These changes were also evident in building technologies. The most notable change was that of concrete technology. This technology enabled buildings to be erected swiftly and relatively cheaply when compared to other forms of traditional construction methods.It is during this era that Le Corbusier began experimenting with what he called beton brut which meant raw c oncrete. This experiment turned out to be an overarching trend of the time which came to be known as the modernist Brutalist style. The new brutalism style used rough together with heavy forms of stone, stucco, concrete, and glass. The buildings that were constructed with this new style were typically highly linear, resembled fortresses and had a blockish shape, often with a predominance of concrete. The pinnacle of le Corbusiers career came with the construction of Unite dHabitation in Marseilles. It was arguably the first Brutalist project. The construction of Unità © at Marseilles was done by reinforced concretethatwas the same rank, natural material as a stone, terra cotta or wood. Le Corbusiers construction considered concrete as a reconstructed stone, commendable of being exposed in its natural state.Le Corbusier, in common with many architects of the modern movement was convinced of the social role of architecture. In a great political and social change era, Le Corbusier per ceived architecture as a crucial instrument in addressing the ills of contemporary society. In 1920's Le Corbusier was into constructing buildings that would promote socialization. He embarked on constructing mass production houses. He perceived houses as machines for individuals to live in. The development of new structural and material technologies in the 1920s was the core base for the new architectural movements. These technologies not only enabled proper functional realization and visualization of the Modernist ideas but also made the designs appropriate for mass-production and international adaptation all over the world. This was where the term "Internationalism" arose. Le Corbusiers works were based on his five points for new architecture which stated that buildings had to have reinforced concrete column frames, flat roofs with terraces, free interior plans, horizontal strip windows and a composition of the freed faà §ade. He additionally suggested that all parts of a build ing had to be visually equal. This meant that there would be no front or back, and two-story open halls to connect different levels. The use of ramps was also incorporated into his architecture. His work was mainly focused on architectural theory together with the modern applications of these ideas. Le Corbusier designed plans with open floors that highlighted the use of concrete slabs. These concrete slabs would be supported by thin concrete columns. Le Corbusiers design became the foundation of his architectural designs for a long time.The new brutalism style adopted by Le Corbusier is evidently different compared to his contemporary architectural design. For example, in his early works, the buildings were constructed using steel material, they had perfectly smooth finishings and had unblemished concrete surfaces, however, in his late work, he employed the brutalism architecture, which established concrete as a dominant material for construction and used other materials that would directly express the design and theme.Another difference is that Le Corbusier early work was related to nature. He created ideal structures that were timeless in their beauty and perfect in their proportions. For example, his white-stuccoes and cubist-style villas of the 1920s were considered as machines for living in, making the most light and space through open-plan interiors. However, during the post-war period, he began creating structures based on functionality which would solve problems arising from urban growth and chaos. They were more expressive with rough unfinished exteriors. In addition, the materials used for constructing post-war buildings rejected his earlier utilized vernacular materials and industrial forms, brute concrete and articulated structures.During Le Corbusiers early work, he mostly used steel as the predominant material for construction, His earlier buildings were elevated from the ground, they were also smooth, they were made of white concrete and had e normous glass structures. He called these buildings pure prisms. However, in the late 1940s, he adapted the new brutalism model, which used rough, heavy forms of stone, stucco, concrete and glass.Concrete was the major building material after World War 2. Among the various reasons given is that, after the world war, steel and other materials used to construct buildings during the pre-war period were scarce and hard to find. In addition, they were very expensive due to their scarcity. Studies reveal that concrete was instrumental in meeting the exact standards required to achieve a perfectly spherical shells. Le Corbusier noted that concrete outp...

The History of the Anabaptists Essay - 883 Words

The story of the Anabaptists is a continuing confusion of what actually took place, during the 16th century Reformation. This transformation was the third movement during the Reformation. During this time, many religions of central Europe were evolving into a chaotic time. All the religions felt that they had the right way to make it to heaven, what it really took to call a person a child of God, and also who should live by the correct faith of the Bible. Some of the major things that are important about how the Anabaptists were formed are their history, beliefs, and they’re teachings explain why they are viewed as they are today. Throughout the Middle Ages the Catholic Church was subject to much criticism and disappointment. The Great†¦show more content†¦The Protestants were made up by a number of princes who supported Martin Luther in the form of a protest, and so they were given the name of â€Å"protest-ants†. The Thirty Years’ War, was then forme d between the Protestants and Catholics and was ended with the singing of the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648. It brought the guarantee of the religious toleration for Catholics and Protestants, but not the Anabaptists of Mennonites. Anabaptists, were organized in Zurich, Switzerland where their name â€Å"Mennonites† was formed. The name was from the Dutchman, Menno Simons (1496-1561). Anabaptists comes from the gospel of the Mennonites and those who felt that baptism should be valid with the confession of people not being baptized. A person must have been baptized because it was Scripture and weren’t allowed to fellowship unless otherwise done. They thought that since Jesus was baptized when he was an adult, the same should apply to everyone else. Baptism and communion was a symbol of faith, and wasn’t meaningful unless the person was of the faith. Ulrich Zwingli was another humanist to take charge. He was very persistent in teaching the New Testament and what the gospel says about living by the code of God. He began to be the priest of the people of Zurich drew in other young evangelists that he took under his wing. With the start of the great debate of Reformation was the debates beginning with the Roman Catholic Church. The mission of theShow MoreRelatedThe Protestant Reformation Essay1014 Words   |  5 PagesThe intent of this paper is to evaluate the distinct character and quality of the expressions of the Protestant Reformation. This paper will discuss Lutheran Reformation, The Anabaptist, and The English Puritans as well as the Catholic Reformation also known as the Counter Reformation. It is the hope that after the reader has had the opportunity to view each of the characteristics and the expressions of each of the reformation the reader will have a better understanding of each and will be able toRead MoreMajor Trad itions Of Western Theology Essay1608 Words   |  7 Pages(as opposed to only Jesus). These beliefs are applied to all of creation and domains of life, not just spiritual matters. The Anabaptist tradition is not characterized by a distinctive theology, but shaped by the communal living out of implicit beliefs. Believing that the Reformation did not do enough to restore a NT perspective on Christ and the Apostles, the Anabaptists built their tradition on a strong conviction to follow the teachings of Jesus, especially as it pertained to communal living,Read MoreProtestant Reformation1706 Words   |  7 Pagesit was very challenging, and the only viable solution was to split completely from the Catholic Church. There were four movements as a result of the reformation events. They include the Anglicans, Lutherans, Reformed Tradition (Calvin), and the Anabaptists. Key figures in the Protestants or protesters included John Knox, John Calvin, Zwingli, and Martin Luther. More doctrinal d istinctions became obvious, and the previously integrated Christianity split into numerous warring groups. Between the 16thRead More Essay on Voltaire’s Candide: Relevance of Candide’s Message Today977 Words   |  4 Pagesinforms him that Bulgarian soldiers attacked the castle of Westfalia and killed Cunegonde - more misery!    A charitable Anabaptist gives both Candide and Dr. Pangloss money and assistance. Dr. Pangloss is cured of his disease, losing one of his eyes and one of his ears. The Anabaptist takes them with him on a journey to Lisbon. While aboard the ship, the Anabaptist falls overboard in the process of rescuing a crew member. Candide finds it more and more difficult to accept Dr. Pangloss principleRead MoreEssay on Research 1644 Words   |  3 Pagescontroversy is to focus on the subsequent criticisms of Galileo and to see how he has been, or can be, defended from them† (3). 2. The radical Reformation (the Anabaptist portion of the Reformation) Williams, George Huntston. Studies in the Radical Reformation (1517-1618) : a bibliographical survey of research since 1939. Church History 27, no. 2 (June 1, 1958): 124-160. ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials, EBSCOhost (accessed March 22, 2014). This article’s theme is the reformation periodRead MoreSummary Of Candide By Alan Bennett1190 Words   |  5 PagesTeaching is a strenuous profession considering all the influences that mold and shape children. In the play by Alan Bennett, The History Boys, the seventeen-year-old boys are confronted with the realities of educational climate at the time as they try to get into Oxbridge. The Headmaster (of †¦) wishes that all of the boys would get into Oxford or University of Cambridge to prove to the bureaucrats of the British education system. Irwin is introduced as the supply teacher that will provide this extraRead MoreAmish Culture - Essay 21549 Words   |  7 Pagesreligious group that originated in Europe. In the sixteenth century, Jakob Ammann and other devoted followers broke away from the Anabaptists and establish themselves as the Amish. Due to a disagreement with the laws and order set by the Anabaptist, the Amish felt the need to set themselves apart. Larg ely, order of worship and dress is what distinguish the Amish from the Anabaptist (Powell, 2012). Due to religious wars, poverty, and religious persecution in England during the eighteenth century, the AmishRead MoreEssay on Maintaining the Amish Cultural Identity1301 Words   |  6 Pagesbased on their relgious beliefs. The roots of the Amish culture came from the Protestant Refromation in Germany and Switzerland. †In January 1957, the Anabaptists held their first baptisim of adults who previously had been baptized as infants in the church. It was because of this practice of rebaptizing adults that they were given the name â€Å"Anabaptists† or â€Å"again-baptizers†. This practice, along with other convictions such as refusing to swear oaths or participate in wars among nations, resulted inRead MoreThe Anabaptist Madness : The Overthrow Of Munster, The Famous, Metropolis Of Westphalia By Hermann Von Kerssenbrock Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesJak Kramer GH 301 Apocalypse Source Explication For my primary source, I decided to choose a letter found in Narrative of the Anabaptist Madness: The Overthrow of Munster, the Famous, Metropolis of Westphalia by Hermann von Kerssenbrock. Although this was a letter in a book written by Herman von Kerssenbrock, it was actually written by Bernard Rothman; a radical preacher that strained the boundaries of what religious reformed looked like at that time. Rothman was born in Swabisch Hall around 1495Read MoreSocial Satire In Candide1244 Words   |  5 Pagesshipwreck when Pangloss prevented Candide from saving Honest James because â€Å"Anabaptist had been made purpose to drown†(25). This show the hypocrisy of the philosophers because Pangloss just stated that Anabaptist is destined to die instead of giving every effort to save honest James. How is Pangloss going to claim that all things happens for good reasons when he don’t even have the gut to do good deed and save Anabaptist? Candide’s optimism has also been tested at the Portuguese Earthquake when Dr

Visual Signs Of The Advertisement - 1466 Words

Living in a world that is increasing in visual signs in advertisements, it is important to note what they mean and the effect it has on us. Human beings are homo significans meaning that we are meaning-makers, one reason being that we unconsciously interpret signs by relating them to familiar structural convention. As advertisers are dependent on different conventions like fine art, photography, music, cultural codes and literary tropes, they combine signifiers and signified in order to give specific meanings to their commodities and achieve commercial value (Goldman Papson 1996) This essay will analyse the advert in semiotic terms, discussing in detail the different signifiers used for interpretations. I have chosen a dentistry advert for Walter Moretto. the copy, I saw that there is more to the advert. This misunderstanding sparked my interest to know more and the simplicity yet great appeal of the advert pulled me in and I decided to discover what made me a victim of it. The advert; â€Å"Time is Up for Bacteria and Plaque† shows a man that can be identified as the Grim Reaper holding a dental floss pick instead of a scythe a Reaper is accustomed to. At the bottom of the ad, there is a name; â€Å"Dr. Med. Dent. Walter Moretto† who is identified as a dental hygienist and his web address; â€Å"www.waltermoretto.ch† is placed below. The order of the individual elements shows their relation to each other. The information on the advert tells anyone reading and interested inShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of an Image-Based Advertisement: McDonalds1420 Words   |  6 PagesImage Based Advertisement 1.The image based advertisement is a form of communication intended to appeal to customers through the help of visual elements. These visual based elements refer to the text of the advertisement, to the images portrayed by it, to the colors used in it, and others. The text of the advertisement is able to appeal viewers in several manners. It is the actual words that have great impact on viewers. In other words, the meaning of the text, the message that is communicatedRead MoreAnalysis of Oliviero Toscani’s â€Å"Tongues† Photo for United Colors of Benetton1362 Words   |  6 PagesVisual Communication – Individual Assignment Student: Loredana Patricia PÄÆ'dureanu Analysis of Oliviero Toscani’s â€Å"Tongues† Photo for United Colors of Benetton The picture chosen for analysis is one taken by Oliviero Toscani for a United Colors of Benetton campaign. The picture depicts three children – one African-American, one Caucasian and one Asian – all sticking their tongues out, from where the name of the advertisement – â€Å"Tongues†. This campaign for Benetton was launched in February 1991Read MoreOscar, By Oscar Mayer1600 Words   |  7 Pages Many advertisements want you to buy their product, but Oscar Mayer wants you to enjoy their product as you eat it. The founder Mr. Oscar F. Mayer moved from Germany to Detroit, MI, then later to Chicago, IL to open his German meat market, that was founded in 1883. He implemented and utilized so many tools to open the market, that he had to expand and have local events for his customers. Although many of these companies formulate so many strategies to attract their target audience, their ad can beRead MoreMedia Analysis Of Gucci Dionysus Advert1251 Words   |   6 Pagesconduct (and how to avoid plagiarism and other assessment irregularities). University guidance is available at www.ncl.ac.uk/right-cite. Advertisements have a great impact on consumers’ mind and action by combining various semiotic resources to convey specific ideas. Therefore, semiotic theories are useful for the critical analysis of advertisements. Semiotics are researched by Saussure (1986), Peirce (1991) and Barthes (1991). Afterwards, Williamson (2005) and Chandler (2007) develop and bringRead MoreVisual images Reinforce Traditional Gender and Sexuality Stereotypes948 Words   |  4 PagesVisual images reinforce traditional gender and sexuality stereotypes through the manifestation of the masculine and feminine miens. An examination of print media advertisements highlights the social and cultural ideologies associated with traditional gender roles that are expected and imposed on by society. â€Å"Advertisements are deeply woven into the fabric of Western Culture, drawing on and reinforcing commonly held perceptions and beliefs† of gender and sexuality stereotypes. They have a strongRead MoreEssay935 Words   |  4 Pagesappendages and cheap cologne, and I was mesmerized. I looked up and was instantly captivated by all of the signs, all of the screens, the screaming fundamentalists who prophesied the end of the world, and the people dressed up as Elmo and his supporting Sesame Street characters. The plethora of things meshed into a tsunami wave of sensational overload, and I loved it. I can’t vividly recall a single sign I saw, person I heard, or advertisment I read, but I can vividly remember the feeling of awe that wasRead MoreIn-Class Essay Writing Analysis1456 Words   |  6 Pagesstarted this assignment. When we started to write this essay we didn’t have a clear visual on our thesis. We had lots of information that was scattered and had no co nnection between the Robot, the Jeep and the advertisement that was being talked about. In this essay I included lots of ways we can benefit our in class writing if we were to re-due it. The good thing about our in-class essay is that we have our visual summary of the robot. Sadly with all that information that we provided I still thinkRead MoreAn Advertisement On Interest And Entertainment Websites Essay741 Words   |  3 Pagespaper will focus on advertisements that are strategically placed on interest /entertainment and companies’ websites. The goal of these advertisements is to trigger problem recognition. I will further explain how each advertisement chosen was placed there to trigger a problem that needed to be solved. General Interest / Entertainment Web Site The two entertainment websites I found trigger problem recognition advertisements on are people.com and foxnews.com. Both advertisements were very well placedRead MoreThe Media And Its Effect On Women1472 Words   |  6 Pages As 21st century members of the public, people are all fashioned to see things in a certain way, and for the most sense are generally used to seeing situations that are not politically correct or sexist. However cosmetic advertisements will use these situations to their advantage knowing which audience it is directing towards. An ad with a male audience in mind could involve women sexualised and exposing a lot of flesh. It is all-dependent on the cosmetic product and the image the company wishesRead MoreVisual Culture Of The First Three Lectures994 Words   |  4 Pagesprovide three images of visual culture and use them to describe what visual culture is. Visual culture describes the aspects, things and objects, in our world made to be looked at. It is most often associated with art however could include advertisements, books, buildings etc. Figure 1 is a photograph of the facade of the Portal of Last Judgement, Notre Dame. The carving is a representation of a she-devil urinating on a cardinal, pope, and a king. This is an example of visual culture as its purpose

Gustave Courbets Reclining Nude Essay Example For Students

Gustave Courbets Reclining Nude Essay In the Philadelphia Museum of Art are five paintings by Gustave Courbet; of all of these I found Reclining Nude 1868, Oil on canvas, The Louis Stern Collection, 63-81-20 the most interesting. It depicts a nude woman lying on the beach beneath a billowing canopy. A dark, but tranquil sea is in the background. The sky is dark as if the final rays of the sun were disappearing over the horizon. There are a few clouds in the sky, they are dark but not threatening. The picture is very dark in general and there is no obvious light source. The edges of the painting are so dark it is impossible to tell what the nude reclines against. A very dim light falls on the woman, who lies on her right side. The upper half of her torso is twisted to her left and her hips and legs face the viewer. Her right leg is bent slightly so her calf is beneath her straightened left leg. The woman is not as thin as classical nudes, her hips are somewhat broad and her thighs are slightly heavy. Her arms are crossed languidly over her head. Because her arms are crossed over her head, her face is almost completely in the shadows; this shadowing covers the detail of her face in such a way that she could be almost anyone. She gazes wistfully at the ground to her left. The woman is rendered very softly and is in a very sensuous pose. This picture would have been found scandalous for its sexual overtones as was Courbets La Demoiselles au bord de la Seine. A scarlet cloth lies in front of her; it has a very rumpled look which has sexual implications. The vacant, wistful look and the languid crossing of her arms suggests that she is thinking of a lover who has just left her. The careful shadowing of her facial features leads one to believe she has something to hide from public knowledge. It is not covered enough, however, for one to believe she has any shame for appearing in so public a place in such a position; this, too, would have been found scandalous in the 1860s. Now, however, compared to such displays of sexuality and nudity as found in magazines such as Penthouse and Playgirl or X-rated movies, the picture is perceived as a modest, proper display of sexuality. Today there is nothing offensive about the womans display of sexuality. One other reason that the critics and public would have found this picture offensive is that to them this is not a display of nudity, but a display of nakedness. The woman is perceived as naked rather than nude, because she is not in a classical setting or an important person portrayed in a classical setting. This is not a picture of a nude Venus rising from the sea foam or a nude Psyche with her adoring Cupid. This woman is not even a rich patroness being portrayed in one of the classical settings. This woman could be any fair-haired woman;whe is a common woman, most likely the artists mistress or even a prostitute. Her nudity is for sensual display, not for classical purposes, therefore it was perceived as nakedness and therefore obscene. Though the woman in combination with her surroundings may have been offensive, there is nothing offensive about her surroundings alone. The setting is a beach at nightfall. In the foreground one sees a bright scarlet cloth lying on a dark beach. It is a very ruffly piece of cloth tossed casulally aside. In the middle ground is the woman, and whatever she reclines against. It is so dark that one cannot tell what it is, but it is painted in bold, swirling brush strokes; there is very little color other than black, aside from a few spots of red and gray. Also in the middle ground is the billowing canopy under which the woman reclines. .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 , .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 .postImageUrl , .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 , .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79:hover , .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79:visited , .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79:active { border:0!important; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79:active , .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Henri Matisse - La joie de vivre EssayUpon close inspection one can see the canopy is gray and blue striped with thin stripes of scarlet. The canopy appears to be blowing gently in the wind. A loose rope sways slightly. It curves gently to the right. The background is beautifully executed. Behind the nude are the edge of the beach, the ocean, and the night sky. The beach is very dark as is the ocean. However, if one looks closely at the ocean can see the gentle waves of the sea and two tiny sailboats on the horizon. The sky has the beauty of the actual sky as the last colors of the sunset fade over the horizon. The sky highest above the ocean is a very dark gray. In the lighter sky just below it one can see dark billowing clouds. The sky just above the horizon is pinkish and purplish from a distance. The whole background is very tranquil, very peaceful. The coloring of the picture is somewhat disappointing. While one realizes that the time of day which is portrayed is hardly conducive to bright colors, one is still diappointed by the small range of colors used. Courbet uses black, grayu, a blue grey, and scarlet. The only thing with light coloring is the nude, but the flewh tones are very cool colors. There is only one bright color, the cool red which is repeated in the womans cheeks, lips and nipple. The stripes of red in the canopy are not bright at all as they are so muted by the grays and blues. The way in which the scarlet cloth in the foreground calls immediate attention to Courbetthree-quarter inch signature in the left-hand corner almost makes one wonder if thaat one bright splotch of color wasnt added for egotistical reasons. One remembers how the sky above the horizon seemed to have a pink or purple cast, but on closer inspection one finds that it is really a flat bluish-gray. The darkness of the color is understandable, but I believe Monsieur Courbet could have used a wider range of color. There is also little lighting in the picture but it is used more effectively than the colors. A dim light falls on the model, but it is just enough to light her sufficiently to make her stand out. This same dim light falls on a small area of beach around her enabling one to see the rich texture of the sand. Another area of dim light is found just above the horizon, relieving one from the dark infinity of the sky. While the picture is very dark it is not totally without light. While one may find fault with the lack of a wide range of color, one cannot find fault with Courbets technical skills. The picture is well balanced as the outer line of the red cloth in the left hand corner repeats the line of the left side of the womans body and the gentle curve of the rope hanging from the canopy repeats the line of the right hand side of her body. The dim circle of light in the foreground is echoed in the bit of dim light on the horizon, giving the picture of a deeper perspective. The juxtaposition of the woman and the canopy which falls from the right hand corner divides the canvas into three triangular shaped pieces of more or less the same size. This division brings the focal point of these triangles to the womans face. If one starts at the focal point, the range of ones field of vision opens to follow the diverging lines thereby taking in the whole painting until ones eyes reach the frame. Then ones gaze is brought back along the lines until it converges on the face of the woman. .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 , .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 .postImageUrl , .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 , .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77:hover , .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77:visited , .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77:active { border:0!important; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77:active , .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Painting Review: Curry's Tornado Over Kansas EssayBecause the area of the top left hand corner is so dark, it puts even more emphasis on the head of the woman as a focal part. This careful, fanlike division of the picture into three similar shapes is balancing as well as enabling the artist to direct the viewers eyes. If one follows these lines of vision one is more able to appreciate Courbets careful attention to the curves and anatomy of the womans body, as well as his eye for small detail such as the two tiny boats on the horizon. While many critics of Courbets time could not understand his choice of subject matter, they could appreciate his execution of the subject mat ter. Gustave Courbets subject matter may not have been understood or considered proper in his day, but now they are considered to be more acceptable. One, whether of the past or present, must appreciate his technical abilities; his mastery of line, form, and balance. Though his lack of color is disappointing, the picture in itself is very pleasing to look at because it is such a tran- quil, restful scene. While Courbet was not totally appreciated in his day, he is in these times considered to be an excellent artist.